Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche: or the Realm of Shadows

The French original was published in 1975, while Lefebvre (1901-91) was in his 70s and still writing and publishing furiously. It summarizes his considerable intellectual debt to German philosophers Georg Hegel (1770-1831), Karl Marx (1818-83), and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). Arguing that the modern world is Hegelian, Marxist, and Nietzchean, he says Hegelian thought can be summarized by the word and concept of the state, Marxism through the social and society, and Nietzsche through civilization and its values. Annotation ©2020 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)
The great French Marxist philosopher weighs up the contributions of the three major critics of modernity. With the translation of Lefebvre's philosophical writings, his stature in the English-speaking world continues to grow. Though certainly within the Marxist tradition, he consistently saw Marx as an 'unavoidable, necessary, but insufficient starting point'. Unsurprisingly, Lefebvre always insisted on the importance of Hegel to understanding Marx. But the imposing Metaphilosophy also suggested the significance he ascribed to Nietzsche, in the 'realm of shadows' through which philosophy seeks to think the world. Lefebvre proposes here that the modern world is at the same time Hegelian in terms of the state; Marxist in terms of the social and society; and Nietzschean in terms of civilization and its values. As early as 1939, Lefebvre pioneered a French reading of Nietzsche that rejected the philosopher's appropriation by fascism, bringing out the tragic implications of Nietzsche's proclamation that 'God is dead' long before this approach was followed by such later writers as Foucault, Derrida and Deleuze. Forty years later, in the last of his philosophical writings, Lefebvre juxtaposes the contributions of the three great thinkers, in a text whose themes remain surprisingly relevant today.